ago. M. Gotta make a move to a town that's right for me. On November 5, 2021, the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Arizona. I believe that the people who murder, assault and torture. I’m glad to be part of the few people who have never seen itFunky Town Gore #fy #Fyy #vaiprafy #viral #gore Tentandocomentaremtodosvídeos. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 8M Share Save Tweet PROTIP: Press the ← and → keys to navigate the gallery, 'g' to view the gallery, or 'r' to view a random image. That's one video I don't want to watch based on what I've heard. ago. The son watching his dad die is just pure evil. Funky Town (cartel flaying+torturing) Chechclear. *Funky Town" Latin American Drug wars are no joke. 2 Guys 1 Chainsaw. Noticias de Honduras, en vivo, noticias del mundo 24 horas: nación, entretenimiento, economía, mundo, deportes, bienestar, tecnología, video, opiniónLos Zetas are a newer cartel that were trained by the United States military as part of a plan to help with drug cartel violence but they became corrupt as all of Mexico unfortunately is now. A community for discussion about Mexican Cartels. The cartel has been active since the mid-1990s and is believed to be. Another Video The Funky Town Gore Guys - Sadistic Decapitation & Dismemberment. Looks like someone's missing out on some funky gore! Reply Able_Trade1699 •. As someone is holding his head, another person proceeds to insert the pointed edge of a sickle into his mouth, he then switches to trying to cut his throat. ago. That’s supposed to a brutal one as well. Funkytown is a famous shock video that surfaced online in 2016, it's a Mexican cartel video depicting the grotesque torture of a bound and faceless victim. i wanna go, to funkytown now -4. Juárez house of death. Funky town is a vid where Mexican cartel members brutally murder a guy while he is still alive. They have their entire face peeled off, and they’ve been dosed with meth to keep them awake and feeling the whole thing. 3. Funky Town (cartel flaying+torturing) Chechclear. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1 Icepick. MorbidlyCuriousJohn_. Funky Town Gore #fy #Fyy #vaiprafy #viral #gore Tentandocomentaremtodosvídeos. Adrenaline can do wonders. The film of it is rather up close as well. They turn him around, and with a wooden stick, they hold him by the throat while at the same time another person tried to cut him. Album: Mouth To MouthArtist: Lipps Inc. The video is almost 2 minutes and 50 seconds long. [deleted] 5 yr. This dude is believed to be Sinaloa Cartel's highest ranking lethal operative. 4. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1. The video was filmed by either a Mexican street gang or a Mexican drug cartel. The above-mentioned site also wrote why this torture video is named FunkyTown. C. Funky Town Gore - The Worst Cartel Video On The Internet - I Watched It So You Don't Have To. It's also a song used in Shrek, which is undoubtedly the greatest movie of all time. . Like us on Facebook! Like 1. A horrifying gore video that surfaced around 2016-2017. More than 70 people went missing in the mining city between January and March – nearly one person a day, and a fivefold increase compared with the same period in 2020. Funky Town Gore #fy #Fyy #vaiprafy #viral #gore Tentandocomentaremtodosvídeos. 0. Funky Town (cartel flaying+torturing) Chechclear. TheTyranical • 9 mo. Reply reply YoBoiWitTheShits •. Reply. But fentanyl has contributed to rising homelessness and overdose rates. #paravoce #FUNK #viral #viral_musical songs🎼🎧. So basically. ago. This is Narco Personalities Episode 10. As for funkytown gore no one knows who's responsible only rumors saying that cjng , Los zetas , familia michoacana , Los Viagras or Sinaloa and some even saying it wasn't a cartel but a street gang and that it occurred in the US in California by nortenos gang The video’s title makes it easy to identify its source: a Mexican drug cartel. Took off his face. Video which famously recognized as "funkytown" showing a rival gang was tortured and beheaded. The beer selection is very impressive and everything is. ago. there were tons of cartel gore videos before 2016. It is a horrible video with origin in Mexico. 1. Probably snitched or lost money. queda bajo tu responsabilidad si quieres buscar ese vídeo #terror #turbio #funky #funkytown #gore #g0r3 #inusual #videosperturbadores #dross #raro00:05:48 - Funky Town Gore - The Worst Cartel Video On The Internet - I Watched It So You Don't Have To. The Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generacion (CJNG) members burned the man’s face off. brutal cartel gore compilation with funky town as the song playing throughout… as a gore vet i don’t recommend looking this one up. Ghost rider is a video of a man having his entire head set on fire like in Ghost Rider until his face is completely burned. (The person who won the post notification. ago. Technical-Word8051 • 1 yr. 3 guys one hammer got to me more but I guess that's because the guy in funky town was most likely just as bad as his torturers as he. Cicada33024. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1 Icepick. Wait so who was the funky town guy, we need to know, we should make it a mission to identify all people we find footage of dying. There is no such thing as a "good first gore video" I'd just scroll through this sub and look at medical gore and accidents as those are pretty handable. The funky town cartel video is the drug cartel torture video like the Ghost rider cartel video. The above-mentioned site also wrote why this torture video is named. MONTERREY, Nuevo Leon – Gunmen with Los Zetas cut the face off a man who was romantically involved with a relative of a cartel member. 2 Guys 1 Chainsaw. Probably near the bottom, I suppose. Probably snitched or lost money. Best. 624. The song Funky town by Lipps Inc is playing in the background. However, about the case of Mondragon, he along with 42 other young 20-year-old students were kidnapped by a Drug Cartel from a Spanish University in late 2013. One of the worst Cartel torture videos that I've seen. OldRain7463 • I once heard there was a longer version of funky town it was like 11 minutes long and it was the full procedure. 7. *Funkytown™*. Funky Town (cartel flaying+torturing) Chechclear. , has struggled with drug addiction for generations. Interest in the alleged video increased in late 2021 after a meme referencing it went viral on TikTok, which included screenshots from two separate shock videos, one showing a. Was one of the main founders of Los Antrax and El Chinos friend. It is a cartel execution video. تشغيل play تحميل download Bruno Mars 24K Magic Official Music Video . ago. Every summer produces “the big hit. or that other video of a guy in a brazilian prison who has his skull opened and guys pick up parts of his. . • 2 yr. Lipps Inc was an American disco and funk group from Minneapolis, Minnesota. I was intrigued. This fucked me up for a week. Sin is simply a form of karma, that will weigh you to where you belong. Users who like Funky Town Gore; Users who reposted Funky Town GoreWhere is it. Was killed by El Panu, Leader of Los Chapitos Faction and head of security for El Chapos sons. The video shows a gruesome scene of a rival cartel. Em meados dos anos 2016 e 2017, um vídeo polêmico e violento de um cartel no México no qual a vítima tem a sua cabeça e partes do rosto arrancadas, se popularizou em diversos websites de vídeos chocantes como o Ogrish. A victim who was higher on the cartel hierarchy would have been shown more respect. UNIÃO DOS PALMARES, BRAZIL A 41-year-old drug-addicted woman whose husband was involved in criminal activity was found beheaded. In this video, the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) removes skin from a living person, cutting flesh with a knife from the chest. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 3 Guys 1 Hammer (Dnepropetrovsk Maniacs) Girl shoots her cousin then kills herself (Paris Harvey)A cartel video where a man has his hands chopped off, as well as his face peeled off with the song funkytown playing in the background. ”. this is why freespeech tube and youtube went to shit, because of content like this and the toxic users. Trending. . 3 Guys 1 Hammer (Dnepropetrovsk Maniacs) Girl shoots her cousin then kills herself (Paris Harvey) Lebanese split-face diverCartels are gangs. com on September 26, 2016 by a user named PinkFloyd who titled the video "Shocking: Rival Gang Member Flayed Tortured and Beheaded". So, I was scrolling through some yt shorts and came across this vid in of of their comment sections. ago. Funky Town Gore - The Worst Cartel Video On The Internet - I Watched It So You Don't Have To. 8M. Cultura popular. Royalty-free 4K, HD, and analog stock Drug Cartel videos are available for. Blood everywhere and the victim's skull exposed along with hands completely cut off. He wriggles around a bit and the name of the video just comes from. Funky Town (cartel flaying+torturing) Chechclear. . The video was filmed by either a Mexican street gang or a Mexican drug cartel. seegore. PxmaRed. In this episode I paint you a vivid picture of everyth…About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. A video of this kind was made and released in 2017. Create playlist. FunkyTown is a shock video that is first known to have been uploaded to Kaotic. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. 31. the cdg v zeta era, which was early 2010’s, had so many. A sub dedicated to showing footage not suitable to be viewed by the human eyes! The content you see here will be unsuitable for some users and may include imagery of injury or death. Share Save Tweet. Was allegedley killed by El Panu because of personal differences. ALL OF MY LINKS! - Buy Me A Coffee - SubscribeStar - video is of a torture victim. A drug cartel is responsible for the murder. this person has had their hands traumatically amputated, and their wrist stumps are bound like w wire or zip ties. Funky Town (cartel flaying+torturing) Chechclear. A town to keep me movin' keep me groovin' with some energy. Chart performance In the United States, "Funkytown" entered the Billboard Hot 100 on March 29, 1980 and spent four weeks at number one, from May 31 to June 21, 1980. 상세 [편집] "Funkytown"은 1980년에 발매된 Lipps Inc. Original Video : Connected:Twitter - The cartel makes sense due to the sheer depravity of the video. Or also known as Funky Town, it's a name the internet has given to a viral video, where members of a cartel in Mexico carried out an execution inside a room. The group is known for its involvement in a wide range of criminal activities, including drug trafficking, extortion, racketeering, and money laundering. The only reason he was able to live while they were doing ut was because they were pumping him full of drugs to give him adrenaline to keep his heart beating. Like us on Facebook! Like 1. Funky Town GoreFunky Town: Squeeze-bot: 2013: i: Funkytown: 8-Bit Universe: October 3, 2016: i: Funkytown / I Feel Good: Lucky Chops: 2016: Medley: Bargain Town written by Easy Irving English. . Authorities believe Morales is responsible for at least 72 slayings in the 2010 San Fernando massacre. S. If you can track that down I think you will find it "better" than Funkytown in terms of visual shock. ago. Reply reply. It was written and produced by Steven Greenberg and released as the second single from the group's debut studio album, Mouth to Mouth (1979). This video shows a man being tortured by the drug cartel. Playtime or Narco Football, also known as Decapitated Soccer, is a viral cartel execution video in which two different victims are shown, already dead, and a more brutal and calloused look. En el video, varios miembros del cartel capturan y torturan a un joven, cortando. INFAMOUS FUNKYTOWN GORE REACTION | Goriest cartel video ever? - YouTube © 2023 Google LLC Funkytown gore reactionTo win the post notifications shoutout just be. He was put on IV so it pumps adrenaline and fluids to. 2 Guys 1 Chainsaw. kinda feel bad for the dude who got murdered, he was still fucking conscious,,godamn,,,ugh,the feelings i had when i watched the vid,,really makes me vomit, ya'know? 2021-06-29T17:51:03Z Buy Funky Town Gore. Released on: 1979-11-01Producer: Steven. The first part of the three-part viral video was shared on Twitter and TikTok in May 2022, leading to many memes. Title (Format) Label Cat# Country Year: Funkytown / All Night Dancing (12", 45 RPM, Maxi-Single, Limited Edition, Stereo): Casablanca: 6198 342: Germany: 1979About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. 2 Guys 1 Chainsaw. The Prisoner's Tongue Was Cut Out, Then His Ears And Head 9 732 13 0. "What happens in the FunkyTown video? Guy with face skinned is tortured by cartel members. 2 Guys 1 Chainsaw. Members of a Mexican drug cartel torture a man on it in an inhuman way. The songs "Funkytown". Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1 Icepick. The Funkytown Cartel is an organized crime group that operates out of Funkytown, a large city in the United States. PORTAL ZACARIAS FUNKYTOWN • FUNKYTOWN GORE PORTAL ZACARIAS • FUNKY TOWN GORE ASSISTIR « ORIGINA #FUNKY TOWN #CartelInmobiliario. 17 Sep 2019. Browsing all 9 images. ago. what is the point of being a admin if you don't clean up the. 1. As the years pass, curiosity around the video continues to. so justice was served…. (The person who won the post notification. 3 Guys 1 Hammer (Dnepropetrovsk Maniacs) Girl shoots her cousin then kills herself (Paris Harvey) Lebanese split-face diver Cartels are gangs. Policeman killed by shotgun headshot. Breitbart Texas obtained exclusive access to. With the cartel and we stabbing through your eyelids. This film, which depicts merciless torment and abuse, funky town gore video has gained widespread consideration lately. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1. com! Montreal. WARNING: This video con. The video was originally uploaded to the documentingreality. , released by Casablanca Records in March 1980. Funkytown or Funky Town is the name of an infamous viral video in which a cartel execution is carried out in a room, with the song "Funkytown" being audibly heard in the final 10 seconds of the 2:50-minute-long video. 3. This video was first published in 2018. Haven't watched the video, people already explained it in the comments. I think he died a long time ago, and the adrenaline is just pumping his heart. i can handle gore to the point that i have become desensitized. Attorney’s Office announced Tuesday. Funkytown (Mexico Cartel Video) - The criminal organization from Mexico or South America starter pack | /r/starterpacks Like us on Facebook! Like 1. Funkytown is a famous shock video that surfaced online in 2016, it's a Mexican cartel video depicting the grotesque torture of a bound and faceless victim. com. He's missing his hands and feet as the men hack and saw away at him. Below are some of the most brutal murders or gun battles that Guzman’s Sinaloa Cartel has been responsible of played a major role in. They did all of that shit while he was injected with adrenaline. Let's find some podcasts to. I. Weirdly enough, it's just as long as funky town. 454. From previous descriptions I knew it was torture that included skinning, removing hands, and beheading. The adrenaline may be causing reflexes. 1. Peak Time wants to provide opportunities to groups that have been hit hard by the pandemic, are not as well-known due to taking long breaks or experiencing frequent member changes, have disbanded or recently debuted and need a. He screams, cries, and chokes on his own blood until he eventually dies. Misc. OUT NOW ON ALL PLATFORMS!!!Spotify: Music: & Stream: on Facebook: on Twitter: to YouTube by Universal Music GroupFunkytown · Lipps Inc. Release Calendar Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Browse Movies by Genre Top Box Office Showtimes & Tickets Movie News India Movie Spotlight. xixal xd · Song · 2021. 603. 8M. Claims tell that the man belonged to a rival gang. My reasoning is that guro should be kept in fantasy, but the funky town video is very much so not fantasy. After being threatened, the victim tried to flee the border city of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, but was not able to outrun the criminal organization. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Funky Town (cartel flaying+torturing) Chechclear. It is widely believed to be one of the worst shock videos online. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. deadhouse. Reply Helpful. License This Song . (pronounced "Lip Synch") was formed especially for this song. Video, which was uploaded sometime around 2017. It shows a cartel torturing a bloody body with its arms and legs chopped off while they pump it full of adrenaline so it stays alive. tbh, i seen a lot of worst things in eyeblech that not even funkytown gore affects me. Funky Town Victim. Funky town fucked me up for a couple days. Lying man killed with a knife threatening with a . She was still alive and moving after the first two times. funkytown cart FUNKYTOWN GORE THE WORST CARTEL VIDEO ON THE INTERNET Funky Town Gore 2 0 . Eight people who wanted to see and be seen at the trendiest disco will be juggling fame and anonymity until they will be forced to make sober choices in an era when excess was the norm, and when disco was king. @Funkytown_01. Montreal. In a recent video that is as bloody as it is shocking and horrible, hitmen from La Familia Michoacana stab and skin a member of the rival CJNG cartel alive. ago. The cartel are brutal and that kind of preparation is not uncommon at all. The 'Quiero Agua' video has CJNG leader El Payaso taunting a (supposedly) CU member with his face flayed. It shows a part of person being tortured by a drug cartel, the person I am talking about already has his face skin flayed and has no hands and is tied up, and apparently has no eyeballs anymore, his neck is being cut with a box cutter while he is still alive and conscious. It was the video of a 16 year old Guatemalan girl who was beaten and set on fire for her alleged participation in a murder. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1. In the footage of the Funky Town Football Gore video, as internet sources claim, the group first played the song ‘Funky Town’ and then executed the man in the worst way possible. The video was filmed by either a Mexican street gang or a Mexican drug cartel. Funky town fucked me up for a couple days. When the video starts his face is already skinned and he’s only alive because he’s being pumped with drugs, so he feels every single cut and punch and scar. Funkytown (Mexico Cartel Video) Images. 3 Guys 1 Hammer (Dnepropetrovsk Maniacs) Girl shoots her cousin then kills herself (Paris Harvey) Lebanese split-face diverApril 23, 2021 1:14 PM PT. At least here you can’t hear the gurgling sounds and see him squirming. The Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generacion (CJNG) members burned the man’s face off as a way to mock his nickname, “Ghost Rider. En el video, varios miembros del cartel capturan y torturan a un joven, cortando. PSA: If you can’t handle gore don’t watch the video at all. the owner and his admins will ignore the elephant in the room. But these days, more and more of these videos are sur. r/NarcoFootage. Funkytown over the years has gone on to be arguably the most infamous gore video on the internet. Saw a cartel video where they have a father and son captured, they beat the father and decapitate him in front of the son and then throw his fathers head at him, after that they the skin the sons chest until you can literally see his lungs. In my opinion both funkytown and no mercy in mexico are way worse. (KGUN) — High-ranking members of the Sinaloa Cartel indicted in Tucson for drug trafficking. By clicking the «Claim This Deal» button, you agree that MuseScore will automatically continue your membership and charge the Annual membership fee ($39. Slit throat and peeled face. This video is made by some Mexican drug cartel. Occurrence date unknow (propably 2016)/ MexicoMexican cartels record and upload videos of them torturing and killing rival cartel members to the internet as. even if it happened a year or two before it actually surfaced on the internet, there was still cdg and zeta videos way before it. 3 Guys 1 Hammer (Dnepropetrovsk Maniacs) Girl shoots her cousin then kills herself (Paris Harvey) Lebanese split-face diverFunkytown or Funky Town is the name of an infamous viral video in which a cartel execution is carried out in a room, with the song "Funkytown" being audibly heard in the final 10 seconds of the 2:50-minute-long video. Fusion da Cartel · Album · 2022 · 7 songs. It shows a cartel torturing a bloody body with its arms and legs chopped off while they pump it full of adrenaline so it stays alive. I’m much aware, but I was asking more for details (I’m to squeamish to watch the video but I have a very active imagination when reading) It’s called “no mercy in Mexico,” search it up on google and click the website that says “documenting reality” with the weird eye popping out cartoon logo. What are the worst cartel videos that you have seen?. Well I talk about talk abou talk about movin'. Many people on this sub will have seen, or at least know of, the titular Funky Town video. Check out Funky Town Gore [Explicit] by xixal xd on Amazon Music. 1 / 4. . 2 Guys 1 Chainsaw. This man is having his genitals eaten by a dog. A video of Latino cartel members attempting to behead a screaming man on the ground with box cutters. Funky Town (cartel flaying+torturing) Chechclear. The group was best known for the chart-topping 1980 worldwide hit single "Funkyto. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1. 4:00. Additional comment actions. El Picudo remained in custody at the Mexicali General Hospital due to injuries. The song "Funky Town" honestly only plays during the last five or so seconds of the video. ago. Browse 1,068 drug cartel videos and clips available to use in your projects, or search for drug cartel mexico to find more footage and b-roll video clips. 2 Guys 1 Chainsaw. 3. According to som. Funky town cartel reaction. I guess these guys robbed and killed a old couple that owned a small market… but they didn’t know the cartel loved and cared for this old couple. FunkyTown is a shock video that is first known to have been uploaded to Kaotic. , has struggled with drug addiction for generations. Renato Sales, the National Security Commissioner of Mexico, announced the arrests on Friday. ago. com, que nos muestra la cruel tortura a un joven por parte de un cartel del narcotráfico mexicano. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1 Icepick. 2. The man was executed unexpectedly. Your shadow always lurks around the corner. The video doesn't include all this but his hands are cut off, his face is cut off, and they are trying to behead him with a boxcutter that isn't doing the job, they're just slicing at his throat basically. It’s not as bad as people make it out to be, if you can handle shit on this sub, you’ll be fine. The song Funky town by Lipps Inc is playing in the background. Provided to YouTube by DistroKid Funky Town Gore · xixal xd Funky Town Gore ℗ xD Innovations Released on: 2021-04-20 Auto-generated by YouTube. The funky town cartel video is the drug cartel torture video like the Ghost rider cartel video. Rivals Cut The Victim's Throat And Inflict Several Stabs With 3 013 3 0. 1976. there is blood everywhere and they are continuing to try to stab. Title Performer Release date Info; Bargain Town: 2 Live Jews: 1994: First release: Klingel schon, Telefon! written by Hans-Rolf Schade, Wolfgang Hermes German. Anyways during this time many Sinaloa cartel members were captured by Los Zetas and tortured and killed because they tried to invade areas of Northern. 99) to your payment method until you. VERY dangerous for cops. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ. Gunmen from a narco-terrorist cartel burned off the face of a rival and recorded the man’s agony as he begged for death. Funky Town (cartel flaying+torturing) Chechclear. Funky Town Gore: Directed by Debuf David. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1 Icepick. Noticias de Honduras, en vivo, noticias del mundo 24 horas: nación, entretenimiento, economía, mundo, deportes, bienestar, tecnología, video, opiniónFunkytown. The horrible disgusting video that has surfaced on the web over the last few months, that is. 454. A few years ago, you’d have to venture onto the dark web to discover terrifying videos of real murders. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. They turn him around, and with a wooden stick, they hold him by the throat while at the same time another person tried to cut him. com, devido a música aparecer no vídeo a partir dos 2 minutos e 30 segundos sendo intitulado com o. 559. Also known as “Z-40,” Morales reportedly executed perceived enemies of the cartel using the method of “The Stew,” or El Guiso. It's a cartel torture video, if you haven't watched horrific gore before then don't start with this one. Sponsored by Adidas (cartel organ extraction + cannibalism) The Guerrero Flaying (aka No Mercy in Mexico) 1 Lunatic 1 Icepick. analmaster1967 • 5 mo. A video of this kind was made and released in 2017. Apathy, Sadism and Power trips. Quote Tweet. 648 upvotes · 75 comments. But he knows of many fellow migrants who suffered the same grisly fate as the 72 who were. Then someone starts hacking away at their neck bit by bit with a box cutter. 의 싱글이며 이들의 데뷔 앨범 Mouth to Mouth의 두번째 싱글로 1980년 3월에 발매되었다. The act looked like a revenge game or a rivalry act.